摘要：人类社会存在的基础是合作,但合作却由于人们在做出行动时面临的个人利益与社会利益的冲突而无法顺利达成。正式制度与非正式制度是人类走出社会合作困境的两种制度选择,两者之间存在什么样的关系?是相互独立、相互挤出还是相互促进?姚宇等(2021)基于行为实验证实了在制度的理性建构下两种制度结合存在相互补充和相互促进。但直接的制度比较只能说明现存制度之间的优劣,而不能说明制度在历史演进过程中被社会选择的能力。因此,开展基于制度演化视角的研究很有必要。本文从制度自发演化的视角构建了一个以公共品博弈为基础的实验,探讨了正式制度与非正式制度的结合能否在社会发展中自发形成并促进社会合作。研究结论发现:在社会正式制度已经存在的社会背景下,非正式制度将随着社会进程与正式制度相结合,从而形成一种对社会合作推进更为有利的新的社会制度;此外,基于外生施加和内生选择制度的比较,本文还验证了民主红利的存在。

关键词：正式制度；非正式制度；制度演化；惩罚；公共品实验

Title：Can Formal and Informal Institutions Spontaneously Combine?

Abstract：Human society exists on the basis of cooperation, but cooperation cannot be successfully achieved due to the conflict between individual and social interests that each individual face before almost every act. What is the relationship between formal and informal systems, the two institutional options for human beings to get out of the dilemma of social cooperation? Are they independent of each other, mutually exclusive or mutually reinforcing? Yao et al.(2021) confirmed the existence of mutual complementarity and mutual promotion between the two institutional combinations under the rational construction of institutions based on behavioral experiments. However, direct institutional comparisons can only indicate the advantages and disadvantages between existing institutions, not this institution to be selected by society in the course of historical evolution. A study based on the perspective of institutional evolution is necessary. In this paper, we construct an experiment based on a public goods game from the perspective of spontaneous institutional evolution to explore whether the combination of formal and informal institutions can spontaneously form and promote social cooperation in the development of society. The findings of the study show that in a social context where the formal institutions of society already exist, the informal institutions will combine with the formal institutions along with the social process，thus forming a new social institution that is more favorable for the advancement of social cooperation; furthermore, based on the comparison of exogenously imposed and endogenously chosen institutions, this paper also verifies the existence of a democratic dividend.

Key Words：formal system；informal system ；institutional evolution；punishment；public goods experiment

摘要：委托拍卖是一种将免费分配和统一价格拍卖相结合的两阶段碳排放权分配机制。企业根据自身需求,将其在第一阶段免费分配所得的碳排放权许可证作为初始禀赋,通过第二阶段的统一价格拍卖向其他企业购买超出其初始禀赋的许可证,或是卖出多余部分获取收益。基于许可证价值关联且边际非增的假设,本文首先描述了企业在委托拍卖机制下的均衡策略、出清价格和均衡配置。通过与免费分配和统一价格拍卖的比较,发现委托拍卖不论是配置效率还是价格发现的实现,均依赖于市场有足够多的参与者,这也符合我国已建立全球最大单一碳排放权交易市场的新时代特征。本文最后讨论了应用于美国加利福尼亚州温室气体总量控制计划的部分委托拍卖机制,发现企业的均衡策略是其在委托拍卖和统一价格拍卖两种机制下均衡策略的线性组合。本文揭示了委托拍卖在缓解企业减排负担、提高资源配置效率、灵活调节供需关系的三重优势,为我国碳排放权交易市场引入委托拍卖机制提供了理论依据。

关键词： 碳排放权交易；委托拍卖；关联价值；事后效率；价格发现

Title：Consignment Auction for Carbon Markets: Equilibrium Strategy and Allocation Efficiency

Abstract：The consignment auction mechanism combines the traditional free allocation (i.e., grandfathering) and the open-market auction approaches. In the first stage, firms receive carbon emission allowances through free allocation, which serve as their initial endowments. In the second stage,they participate in a uniform price auction to purchase additional allowances beyond their initial endowments, or sell surplus allowances to generate revenue. Based on the assumption that the value of permits is correlated and marginally non-increasing, we first characterize the firms’ equilibrium strategy,clearing price, and equilibrium allocation under the consignment auction mechanism. By comparing with free allocation and uniform price auction, we find that both allocation efficiency and price discovery of the consignment auction depend on the presence of sufficiently many market participants, which echoes with the recent establishment of the world's largest single carbon emission trading market system in China. Finally,this paper discusses the partial consignment auction mechanism applied in the California cap-and-trade program, and finds that firms' equilibrium strategy is a linear combination of their respective equilibrium strategies under the consignment auction and the uniform price auction. This paper reveals the triple advantages of consignment auction mechanism in alleviating the burden of emission reduction for firms, improving resource allocation efficiency, and flexibly adjusting market supply-demand relationships, which provide a theoretical foundation for introducing the consignment auction into the regulation practice of the China's carbon emission trading market.

Key Words：Carbon emissions trading；Consignment auction；Correlated value；Ex-post efficiency；Price discovery

摘要：法治首先意味着已成立的法律获得普遍的服从。信念决定了人们在博弈中的行为,因此法律得到普遍的服从只有在人们形成了服从法律的共同信念时才能实现。法治保证博弈的混合策略纳什均衡展示了何谓法律的普遍服从,以及这种状态的不稳定性。法律的普遍服从是一种基于人们服从法律的共同信念的行为秩序,其建立需要法律具备在博弈中创造聚点的能力,其不稳定性则要求实现对权力的有效约束以传递官员和民众协调行动的信号。法律的内容、形式及实施满足一定的条件将有助于法律创造聚点和约束权力,从而实现法律的普遍服从。法律的普遍服从何以可能的博弈论解答不仅更好地刻画了法治实践,还为整合经典的法治理论提供了框架,是一种对法治的融贯理解。

关键词：法律的普遍服从;法治;共同信念;聚点;约束权力

Title：Common Belief and the Rule of Law:Perspective from Game Theory

Abstract：The rule of law means， first and foremost, that enacted laws are actually obeyed. Belief determines a player's behavior in the game, and actually obedience to the law can only be achieved when players form a common belief that others will obey the law actually. The mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium of the Rule of Law Assurance Game demonstrates what “actually obeyed”is and its potential instability.“ Actually obeyed”is a stable state of the common belief that requires the law to have the ability to create a focal point in the game, and its instability requires limits on power. The content, form, and implementation of the law meet certain conditions that will help the law to create a focal point and limit power. The game-theoretic answer to the question of how“actually obeyed” is possible not only provides a better picture of the practice of the rule of law but also provides a framework for integrating the classical theory of the rule of law, which is a coherent understanding of the rule of law.

Key Words：Actually Obeyed Rule of Law；Common Belief；Focal Point；Limitation of Power

摘要：量刑公正,是刑事司法领域的应有之义。为了实现同案同判的法治理想,最高人民法院多次开展量刑规范化改革,试图对量刑的宏观指导原则和微观操作规则予以规范。然而,基于案件信息不完全、司法环境指向以及法官自由裁量权之缘由,部分法外因素仍然可能对量刑产生隐秘而显著的影响。以2014～2022年北京和上海8 534份故意伤害罪的司法裁判文书为分析对象,研究发现,犯罪人的户籍状态与刑罚强度存在相关关系,外来人员的刑罚强度显著高于本地居民。进一步的分析表明,相较于刑罚强度较低的犯罪人而言,户籍状态对于刑罚强度较高的犯罪人影响更大,随着时间的流逝,户籍状态对于犯罪人刑罚强度的影响亦产生了趋势变化。以一种隐秘的,甚至法官本人可能都没有明显察觉的方式,户籍状态进入量刑的决策过程,并可能导致不公正的量刑决定。户籍制度自诞生起即与人们的日常生活息息相关,户籍状态在一定程度上亦反映了犯罪人的社会结构特征,其对量刑的影响或许难以彻底根除,但是可以通过强化司法裁判文书的量刑说理力度,借助大数据和算法等量化工具来衡量户籍状态对于量刑决定的影响,进而进行科学的识别和控制。

关键词：量刑;户籍;信息不完全;自由裁量权

Title：Will Registered Residence Affect Sentencing?—Empirical evidence from Beijing and Shanghai

Abstract：Sentencing faimess is the proper meaning in the field of criminal justice. In order to realize the idea of the rule of law of the same case and the same sentence， the Supreme People's Court has carried out the standardization reform of sentencing for many times, trying to regulate the macro-guiding principles and microoperation rules of sentencing. However, due to the incompleteness of case information， the orientation of the judicial environment and the discretion of judges, some extrajudicial factors may still have a subtle and significant impact on sentencing. Taking 8,534 judicial judgment documents on the crime of intentional injury in Beijing and Shanghai from 2014 to 2022 as the analysis object, the study found that there is a correlation between the punishment intensity and the criminal's household registration status，and the punishment intensity of foreigners is significantly higher than that of local residents. Further analysis shows that, compared with the criminals with low penalty intensity, the household registration status has a greater impact on the criminals with high penalty intensity. With the passage of time, the influence of the household registration status on the penalty intensity also has a trend change. The household registration status enters the sentencing decision-making process in a secret way and leads to unfair sentencing decisions. The household reg-istration system is closely related to people's daily life, and to a certain extent also reflects the social structure of criminals. Its impact on sentencing is difficult to eliminate. By increasing the strength of reasoning and using quantitative tools such as big data and algorithms to measure the impact of household registration status on sentencing decisions,scientific identification and control can be carried out.

Key Words：sentencing；household registration；incomplete information；discretion

摘要：调查发现,作为企业的巴伐利亚庄园携资本下乡,不仅发展了独具特色的文旅产业,而且承担了诸多的社会职能,成为“庄园社会”公共制度的创设者和社会公共品的提供者。本文从经济学和社会学两个层面厘清了庄园内部的复杂缔约结构,既探究复杂合约形成的经济逻辑,亦在此基础上剖析了“企业办社会”的“经济社会学逻辑”。从经济角度看,巴伐利亚庄园及其各产业主体共同“创设”了一个颇具效率的产业集群;从社会角度看,巴伐利亚庄园也与其他各产业主体在缔结经济合约的同时自然地、不经意地“创设”了一个颇具活力的功能完整、管理良善的社会。本文认为,这至少在形式上颠覆了新古典经济学和新自由主义经济学有关“企业与社会本质有异”“企业办社会导致资源配置扭曲”的“经典教义”。本文的研究将成为一个政治经济学和经济社会学的混合性框架,从政策分析层面为乡村振兴和农业农村现代化提供一个新的可比较、可验证的“文本启示”。

关键词：企业创办社会;缔约结构;经济社会网络;制度变迁

Title：Enterprise,Contract and Social Network -Empirical Evidence from the Complex Contract of Bavarian

Abstract： The investigation found that the Bavarian estate as an enterprise with capital to the countryside, not only developed a unique cultural and tourism industry, but also assumed a number of social functions，the“estate society" as the creator of public institutions and providers of social public goods. This paper clarifies the complex contracting structure within the estate from both the economic and sociological levels, exploring the economic logic of the formation of complex contracts, and also analyzing the “economic and sociological logic”of the “enterprise run society” on this basis. From an economic point of view, Bavaria and its industrial entities have jointly “created” an efficient industrial cluster; From a social point of view, the Bavarian estate also naturally and inadvertently “created” a dynamic, functional and well-managed society by entering into economic contracts with other industrial actors. The paper argues that this is at least a formal reversal of the “classical teachings” of neoclassical and neo-liberal economics that “business and society are different in nature”and that “business-run society leads to a distorted allocation of resources”. The research in this paper will become a hybrid framework of political economy and economic sociology, providing a new comparable and verifiable“ textual revelation” for rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization from the level of policy analysis.

Key Words：Enterprise-run Society；Contracting Structure；Economic and Social Network；Institutional Change

摘要：数字经济与食品行业深度融合给我国食品安全治理带来了新的挑战。通过数据挖掘爬取京东和淘宝两大平台上的消费者评论数据,利用消费者评论数据进行LDA主题建模提取消费者对食品安全的治理需求信息,同时对食品安全相关政策和京东、淘宝两大平台对商家入驻要求等实施细则进行文本挖掘,总结提炼食品安全治理供给信息,采用政策供需匹配模型分析食品安全治理供需匹配机制。主要研究结果表明:治理需求集中于商家和平台两个主体,治理供给在不同地区各有侧重,总体上来看食品安全治理供需匹配情况一般,直接治理出现供需错位,间接治理表现出供给不足。据此,为健全数字经济背景下食品安全治理体系,提出推动食品安全治理数字化等对策。

关键词：食品安全治理;供需匹配机制;数字经济;LDA模型

Title：Research on Supply and Demand Matching Mechanism of Food Safety Governance under the Background of Digital Economy

Abstract：The deep integration of digital economy and food industry brings new challenges to the food safety governance in China. This paper uses data mining to crawl the consumer review data of Jingdong and Taobao, and LDA theme modeling was conducted by using the consumer review data to extract the information of consumers' demand for food safety governance. Meanwhile, text mining is carried out for food safety-related policies and detailed implementation rules for business entry requirements,etc. from Jingdong and Taobao to summarize and refine the supply information of food safety governance. The policy supply and demand matching model is adopted to analyze the supply and demand matching of food safety management. The main findings show that: the governance demand is concentrated in the two main bodies of merchants and platforms, and the governance supply has different emphasis in different regions. The matching mechanism is general for supply and demand of food safety governance on the whole, with the dislocation of supply and demand in direct governance and insufficient supply in indirect governance. Based on this, in order to improve the food safety management system under the background of digital economy,this paper puts forward some countermeasures to promote the digitalization of food safety management.

Key Words：Food Safety Governance；Supply and Demand Matching Mechanism；Digital Economy；LDA Model

摘要：人才作为科技创新生产的第一要素,其在公共部门与私人部门间的配置关系着创新增长。基于此,本文将公共部门分为非生产性公共部门(政府部门)与为私人部门研发活动提供产品和服务的生产性公共部门,研究人力资本在政府部门与生产性公共部门、私人部门间的配置与创新增长的关系。通过构建三部门内生增长模型及利用2004～2019年省级面板数据实证分析,发现:作为非生产性的政府部门配置冗余的人力资本会抑制地区创新增长,而生产性公共部门与私人部门间人力资本配置与创新增长的关系呈现非线性的倒U型,即当生产性公共部门的人力资本处于相对低点时,增加生产性公共部门的人力资本能够促进创新增长,相反如果私人部门的人力资本相对较少,此时再增加生产性公共部门的人力资本将会降低创新增长。且证实目前生产性公共部门相对人力资本尚未配置过度,处于倒U型曲线拐点的左侧。另外,技术要素市场化程度对倒U型关系具有显著调节效应,高程度的技术要素市场化使得倒U型曲线更平缓,且能弥补政府部门人力资本对创新增长的负面作用。此外,高对外开放地区生产性公共部门与私人部门间人力资本配置与创新增长的关系仍是倒U型,但在对外开放程度低地区增加生产性公共部门相对人力资本配置能够促进创新增长;知识产权制度建设强的地区能够弱化政府部门人力资本对创新的不利影响,且生产性公共部门相对私人部门人力资本对创新增长的影响也是与基准回归一致的倒U型关系,但是上述关系在弱知识产权保护地区不显著。本研究为解决目前创新动力不足尤其是中国的创新驱动政策提供了经验分析及技术创新思路。

关键词：公共部门;私人部门;人力资本配置;创新增长;倒U型

Title：Human Capital Allocation and Innovation Growth Between the Public and Private Sectors -A Perspective Based on the Nature of Public Sector Production

Abstract：As the first factor of science and technology innovation production, the allocation of human capital between the public and private sectors is related to innovation growth. Based on this, this paper divides the public sector into non-productive public sectors ( government departments) and productive public sectors that provide products and services for private sector R&D activities. And the paper studies the relationship between the allocation of human capital between government departments and productive public sectors, and between the private sector and the growth of innovation. Through constructing a three-sector endogenous growth model and empirical analysis using provincial panel data from 2004 -2019，it is found that the allocation of redundant human capital in the government sector as non-productive suppresses regional innovation growth, while the relationship between the allocation of human capital and innovation growth between the productive public sector and the private sector presents a non-linear inverted U-shape. When the human capital of the productive public sector is at a relatively low point, increasing the human capital of the productive sector can promote the growth of innovation. Conversely if the private sector has relatively little human capital，adding more human capital to the productive public sector will reduce innovation growth. And it is also confirmed that the relative human capital of the productive public sector has not been over-allocated, and it is on the left side of the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped curve. In addition， the degree of technology factor marketization has a significant moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship. And a high degree of technology factor marketization makes the inverted U-shaped curve flatter. It also compensates for the negative effect of human capital in the government sector on innovation growth. In addition, the relationship between human capital allocation and innovation growth between he productive public sector and the private sector in regions with high external openness is still inverted U-shaped. But increasing the relative human capital allocation of the productive public sector in regions with low openness can promote innovation growth. Additionally，regions with strong IPR regimes weaken the negative impact of human capital in the government sector on innovation, and the effect of the productive public sector relative to private sector human capital on innovation growth is also an inverted U-shaped relationship consistent with the benchmark regression. However, the relationship is not significant in regions with weak IPR protection. This study provides empirical analysis and technological innovation ideas to address the current lack of innovation dynamics especially for China's innovation-driven policies.

Key Words：Public Sector；Private Sector；Human Capital Allocation；Innovation Growth；Inverted U Shape

摘要：推进数字政府建设并打破政府部门间的“信息孤岛”对于促进企业的高质量发展至关重要。本文通过构建理论分析框架从数字政府建设视角对地方政府一体化政务服务影响企业创新行为的理论机制进行了解析。进一步地,采用我国省级层面的政府一体化政务服务数据和沪深A股上市公司数据,实证检验了地方政府一体化政务服务的企业创新效应及其作用渠道。研究发现,地方政府一体化政务服务显著促进了企业创新水平的提升。机制检验表明,地方政府一体化政务服务主要通过降低企业财务成本和企业财务杠杆以及提高企业运营效率等渠道促进了企业的创新投入和创新产出。此外,政府一体化政务服务的企业创新效应表现出一定的异质性,即对非国有企业、低技术行业企业和低市场化地区企业的正向促进作用要更为强烈。通过稳健性分析,本文研究结论依然成立。本文为大力提升政府的一体化政务服务水平以推动企业创新活动提供了实证支持。

关键词：一体化政务服务;企业创新;财务成本;财务杠杆;企业运营效率

Title：Is it Really Effective to Break Down Information Silos?一Research on the Effect of Integrated Government Services on Corporate Innovation

Abstract：It is very important to promote the high-quality development of enterprises by promoting the construction of digital government and break down the “information silos" among government departments. This paper analyzes the theoretical mechanism of local government integrated government service affecting corporate innovation behavior from the perspective of digital government construction. Furthermore, this paper empirically tests the corporate innovation effect and influence mechanism of local government integrated government service, by using province level integrated government service data and A-share listed corporate data in Shanghai and Shenzhen. The results show that, the integration of local government services significantly enhance corporate innovation level. The mechanism tests show that the integrated government service of local government promotes the innovation input and output of corporate mainly by reducing the financial cost and leverage of corporate and improving the operational efficiency of corporate. In addition，the corporate innovation effect of integrated government service shows some heterogeneity. That is, the positive effect is stronger for non-state-owned enterprises,enterprises in low technology industries and low marketization areas. Through the robustness check, the research conclusion of this paper is still valid. This paper provides empirical support for improving the level of integrated government service to promote corporate innovation activities.

Key Words：Integrated Government Services; Corporate Innovation; Financial Cost; Financial Leverage;Corporate Operational Efficiency

摘要：文章选取2010～2019年中国A股上市公司年度数据,构建面板回归模型对企业社会责任对企业金融化的影响及其作用机制进行了实证分析。研究表明:(1)履行社会责任有助于降低企业金融化水平。相对于非国有、低竞争度地区与低估值企业,履行社会责任对国有、高竞争度地区与高估值企业金融化的抑制力度更大。(2)非效率投资与风险承担在企业社会责任与企业金融化的关系中承担着中介作用,企业社会责任通过提高非效率投资及降低风险承担双重渠道来降低企业金融化水平,“企业社会责任一非效率投资/风险承担一企业金融化”的传导渠道有效。(3)高管金融联结对企业社会责任与企业金融化关系具有负向调节作用,高管金融联结度提高会减弱企业社会责任对企业金融化的抑制作用。(4)董事会独立性对企业社会责任与企业金融化关系具有正向调节作用,董事会独立性提高会加剧企业社会责任对企业金融化的抑制作用。该成果将为防范中国经济“脱实向虚”及实现经济高质量发展提供重要的理论指导与决策参考。

关键词：企业社会责任;企业金融化;非效率投资;风险承担;高管金融联结

Title：Can Social Responsibility Institution Reduce the Level of Enterprise Financialization? -Evidence from Chinese A-Share Listed Companies

Abstract：This paper gives an empirical research on influence of corporate social responsibility on corporate financialization and its mechanism by using annual data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019. The research shows:(1)Social responsibility helps to reduce the level of enterprise financialization.Compared with non-state-owned, low competitive areas and undervalued enterprises, social responsibility has a greater restraining effect on the financialization of state-owned, high competitive areas and overvalued enterprises.(2) Inefficient investment and risk-taking play an intermediary role in the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financialization. Corporate social responsibility reduces the level of corporate financialization through the dual channels of improving inefficient investment and reducing risk-taking. The transmission channel of “corporate social responsibility-inefficient investment/risk-taking-corporate financialization” is effective. (3) Executive financial connection has a negative regulatory effect on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financialization. The improvement of executive financial connection will weaken the inhibitory effect of corporate social responsibility on corporate financialization. (4) The independence of the board of directors has a positive regulatory effect on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financialization. The improvement of the independence of the board of directors will aggravate the inhibitory effect of corporate social responsibility on corporate financialization.

Key Words：Corporate Social Responsibility；Enterprise Financialization；Inefficient Investment；Risk-taking；Executive Financial Connection

摘要：本文基于中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),运用再分配效应分解和Heckman选择模型,从参缴公积金的个体和家庭视角研究住房公积金制度从缴存一提取路径对收入再分配的影响,并将收入再分配效应分解为垂直、水平及再排序效应。研究发现:(1)从参缴个体视角来看,我国住房公积金缴纳制度对收入再分配的横向、纵向和再排序效应贡献因子均为负。其中,再排序效应的影响最大,虽然公积金提取政策的横向再分配效应缩小了参缴个体的收入差距,但由于其横向收入分配改善效果很大程度上被纵向和再排序效应的逆向再分配效果所抵消。公积金提取制度依旧存在逆向再分配效应。(2)从家庭视角住房公积金虽明显提升了各收入阶层的购房意愿,但参缴公积金的低收入群体的政策受益情况远不如中高收入群体。

关键词：住房公积金制度;再分配效应分解;受益公平性

Title：An Analysis of the Impact of China's Housing Provident Fund System on Income Distribution and Benefit Equity—Empirical Analysis Based on China Household Finance Survey

Abstract：This paper is based on China Household Finance Survey data(CHFS). Using the redistribution effect decomposition and Heckman selection model analyses the impact of housing provident fund system on income redistribution from the perspective of individual and family. The income redistribution effect is divided into vertical, horizontal and reordering effects. The results show that:(1)From the participant individual perspective,the contribution factors of the housing provident fund payment system to the horizontal， vertical and reordering effects of income redistribution are negative, and the reordering effect has the greatest impact. Although the horizontal redistribution effect of the provident fund withdrawal policy narrows the income gap of the participants，the improvement effect of the horizontal income distribution is counteracted by the vertical and reordering effects. There is still reverse redistribution effect in the withdrawal system of provident fund.(2) Although the Housing Provident Fund from the family perspective has obviously promoted the purchase intention of each income class, but the benefit of the low-income group participating in the Housing Accumulation Fund is far inferior to the middle-and high-income group.

Key Words：Housing Provident Fund System；Income Redistribution；Benefit Equity Decomposition

摘要：不论从理论自身演变还是从理论对现实的影响程度来讲,重商主义都展现出顽强的生命力,经久不衰。然而长久以来,经济学界对重商主义的看法却存在争论,对此争论的研究已成为重商主义研究中一个不可忽视的重要课题。文章围绕重商主义的理论内涵、历史作用与利益动机这三大主题对经济学界关于重商主义的代表性观点及其相互回应进行历史回溯、比较与分析。争论主要呈现为三条研究脉络:一是由斯密所奠定的经济自由主义的一般性解释;二是以李斯特为代表的对重商主义的经济民族主义研究传统;三是重商主义的马克思主义观点。前两种认知传统虽截然对立,形成了西方经济学界长久以来的经济自由主义与国家干预主义的争论,但本质上仍局限于资产阶级经济学;重商主义的马克思主义观点作为对前两种认知传统的综合、批判与超越,是一种兼具理论性与历史性、阶级性与民族性的历史唯物主义的解读。重商主义本身的历时性与国别性差别以及重商主义政策在实践效果上的双重性是导致争论的客观基础;而不同经济学体系在审视重商主义时的研究立场、分析问题的出发点、研究方法以及评价标准是更为关键的主观因素。鉴往知来,透过经济学界关于重商主义的相关争论,依循重商主义的马克思主义解读传统,有助于更好地认识重商主义流传至今的历史真相及其发展现状,更好地把握重商主义与自由主义、贸易保护与自由贸易的辩证关系以及更好实现走和平发展道路的中国式现代化。

关键词：重商主义;经济自由主义;经济民族主义;马克思主义

Title：Debates on Mercantilism:Historical Retrospection and Enlightenment

Abstract：In terms of both the evolution of the theory itself and its influence on reality, mercantilism has shown its tenacious vitality and enduring popularity. However, for a long time, there has been a debate on the view of mercantilism in the economic circle, and the study of this debate has become an important topic that can't be ignored in the study of mercantilism. This paper reviews,compares and analyzes the representative views of mercantilism and their mutual responses in the field of economics by focusing on the three themes of the theoretical connotation, historical function and profit motive of mercantilism. The debate mainly presents three research lines: First, the general explanation of economic liberalism laid down by Smith; The second is the nationalistic research tradition of mercantilism represented by List; The third is the Marxist view of mercantilism. Although the former two cognitive traditions are diametrically opposed to each other, forming a longstanding debate between economic liberalism and state interventionism in western economic circles,they are still limited to bourgeois economics in essence. The Marxist view of mercantilism is the synthesis，criticism and transcendence of the first two cognitive traditions, which is a historical materialist interpretation with both theoretical and historical characteristics, class and national characteristics. The diachronic and national difference of mercantilism itself and the duality of the practical effect of mercantilism policy are the objective basis of the dispute. The more critical subjective factors are the research standpoint，starting point, research methods and evaluation criteria of different economic systems in examining mercantilism. Through the debates about mercantilism and follow the Marxist interpretation on mercantilism, we can better understand the historical truth and development status of mercantilism, and better grasp the dialectical relationship between mercantilism and liberalism,trade protection and free trade.

Key Words：Mercantilism；Economic liberalism；Economic nationalism；Marxism